For self-published works, use "published by the author."
F: Caroline Shaw, Is a Rose (pub. by the author, 2023), 4.
B: Shaw, Caroline. Is a Rose. Published by the author, 2023.
If the publisher is unknown, use the abbreviation "n.p." Think of this as meaning "no publisher" as how "n.d." means "no date."
Examples:
F: Jean Sibelius, Aamusumussa (Np., n.d.).
B: Sibelius, Jean. Aamusumussa. N.p., n.d.
F: Stephen Douglas Burton, Homage to Johann Sebastian Bach (N.p., 1981).
B: Burton, Stephen Douglas. Homage to Johann Sebastian Bach. N.p., 1981.
More tips:
- Give the publisher's name as it appears on the title page, even if it is printed differently in some of your other sources. If you do not have access to the item's title page, look it up in the library's online catalog. The publisher will be listed there.
- You may omit an initial The and abbreviations such as Inc., & Co., and Ltd.
- Do not translate a foreign publisher's name. For example, Geneva: Editions Papillon [NOT Butterfly Editions]
- You may keep an ampersand or replace it with the word "and." Be consistent with what you choose. Breitkopf & Härtel --or-- Breitkopf and Härtel
